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Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence :: Computation and Representation :: Symbols and Symbol Systems

See also:
Boyle, C. Franklin (2001). Transduction and degree of grounding. Psycoloquy 12 (36). (Cited by 2 | Google | More links)
Bringsjord, Selmer (online). People are infinitary symbol systems: No sensorimotor capacity necessary. (Cited by 2 | Google | More links)
Clark, Andy (2006). Material symbols. Philosophical Psychology 19 (3):291-307. (Cited by 4 | Google | More links)
Cummins, Robert E. (1996). Why there is no symbol grounding problem? In Representations, Targets, and Attitudes. MIT Press. (Google)
Harnad, Stevan (1992). Connecting object to symbol in modeling cognition. In A. Clark & Ronald Lutz (eds.), Connectionism in Context. Springer-Verlag. (Cited by 61 | Google | More links | Annotation)
Harnad, Stevan (2002). Symbol grounding and the origin of language. In Matthias Scheutz (ed.), Computationalism: New Directions. MIT Press. (Cited by 12 | Google | More links)
Harnad, Stevan (1993). Symbol grounding is an empirical problem: Neural nets are just a candidate component. Proceedings of Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. (Cited by 27 | Google | More links)
Harnad, Stevan (1990). The symbol grounding problem. Physica D 42:335-346. (Cited by 1265 | Google | More links | Annotation)
Kosslyn, Stephen M. & Hatfield, Gary (1984). Representation without symbol systems. Social Research 51:1019-1045. (Cited by 15 | Google)
Lumsden, David (2005). How can a symbol system come into being? Dialogue 44 (1):87-96. (Google)
MacDorman, Karl F. (1997). How to ground symbols adaptively. In S. O'Nuillain, Paul McKevitt & E. MacAogain (eds.), Two Sciences of Mind. John Benjamins. (Cited by 1 | Google)
Newell, Allen & Simon, Herbert A. (1981). Computer science as empirical inquiry: Symbols and search. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 19:113-26. (Cited by 758 | Google | More links | Annotation)
Newell, Allen (1980). Physical symbol systems. Cognitive Science 4:135-83. (Cited by 469 | Google | More links)
Pinker, Steven (2004). Why nature & nurture won't go away. Daedalus. (Cited by 7 | Google | More links)
Robinson, William S. (1995). Brain symbols and computationalist explanation. Minds and Machines 5 (1):25-44. (Cited by 4 | Google | More links)
Roitblat, Herbert L. (2001). Computational grounding. Psycoloquy 12 (58). (Cited by 1 | Google | More links)
Sun, Ron (2000). Symbol grounding: A new look at an old idea. Philosophical Psychology 13 (2):149-172. (Cited by 39 | Google | More links)
Taddeo, Mariarosaria & Floridi, Luciano (forthcoming). A praxical solution of the symbol grounding problem. Minds and Machines. (Google)
Thompson, Evan (1997). Symbol grounding: A bridge from artificial life to artificial intelligence. Brain and Cognition 34 (1):48-71. (Cited by 8 | Google | More links)

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