MindPapers: 8.4b. Conscious and Unconscious Memory

Alkire, M. T.; Haier, R. J.; Fallon, J. H. & Barker, S. J. (1996). PET imaging of conscious and unconscious verbal memory. Journal of Consciousness Studies 3:448-62. (Cited by 9 | Google | Edit)

Allik, J. (2000). Available and accessible information in memory and vision. In Endel Tulving (ed.), Memory, Consciousness, and the Brain: The Tallinn Conference. Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis. (Cited by 2 | Google | Edit)

Andrade, Jackie (2001). The contribution of working memory to conscious experience. In Jackie Andrade (ed.), Working Memory in Perspective. Psychology Press. (Cited by 2 | Google | Edit)

Baars, Bernard J. & Franklin, Stan (2003). How conscious experience and working memory interact. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7 (4):166-172. (Cited by 42 | Google | More links | Edit)

Baars, Bernard J.; Ramamurthy, Uma & Franklin, Stan (2007). How deliberate, spontaneous, and unwanted memories emerge in a computational model of consciousness. In John H. Mace (ed.), Involuntary Memory. New Perspectives in Cognitive Psychology. Blackwell Publishing. (Google | More links | Edit)

Baars, Bernard J. (2003). Working memory requires conscious processes, not vice versa: A global workspace account. In Naoyuki Osaka (ed.), Neural Basis of Consciousness. John Benjamins. (Cited by 2 | Google | Edit)

Baddeley, A. D. (1993). Working memory and conscious awareness. In A. Collins, S. Gathercole, Martin A. Conway & P. E. Morris (eds.), Theories of Memory. Lawrence Erlbaum. (Cited by 37 | Google | Edit)

Badgaiyan, Rajendra D. (2005). Conscious awareness of retrieval: An exploration of the cortical connectivity. International Journal of Psychophysiology 55 (2):257-262. (Cited by 2 | Google | More links | Edit)

Balint, E. (1987). Memory and consciousness. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 68:475-483. (Cited by 4 | Google | More links | Edit)

Barba, G. (2000). Memory, consciousness, and temporality: What is retrieved and who exactly is controlling the retrieval? In Endel Tulving (ed.), Memory, Consciousness, and the Brain: The Tallinn Conference. Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis. (Google | Edit)

Bergström, Zara M.; Velmans, Max; de Fockert, Jan & Richardson-Klavehn, Alan (2007). ERP evidence for successful voluntary avoidance of conscious recollection. Brain Research 1151:119-133. (Google | More links | Edit)

Berry, Christopher J.; Shanks, David R. & Henson, Richard N. A. (2006). On the status of unconscious memory: Merikle and Reingold (1991) revisited. Journal of Experimental Psychology 32 (4):925-934. (Cited by 2 | Google | More links | Edit)

Block, Ned (2003). Spatial perception via tactile sensation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7 (7):285-286. (Google | More links | Edit)

Abstract: Iâm now looking at a soccer ball and a Nintendo Game Cube, and thus am having a perceptual experience of a sphere and a cube. My friend, blind from birth, (whoâs helping me with the cleaning) is touching these items, and is thus having a perceptual experience of the same things. Not only are we perceiving the same items, but in doing so we apply the terms âsphereâ and âcubeâ, respectively, to them. Are we, in doing so, applying the same, or different, perceptual concepts?

Block, Richard A. & Zakay, Dan (2001). Retrospective and prospective timing: Memory, attention and consciousness. In Christoph Hoerl & Teresa McCormark (eds.), Time and Memory. Oxford University Press. (Cited by 7 | Google | Edit)

Born, Jan & Wagner, Ullrich (2004). Awareness in memory: Being explicit about the role of sleep. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8 (6):242-244. (Cited by 7 | Google | Edit)

Brainerd, C. J.; Stein, L. M. & Reyna, V. F. (1998). On the development of conscious and unconscious memory. Developmental Psychology 34:342-357. (Cited by 25 | Google | More links | Edit)

Brewer, William F. (1992). Phenomenal experience in laboratory and autobiographical memory. In Martin A. Conway, David C. Rubin, H. Spinnler & W. Wagenaar (eds.), Theoretical Perspectives on Autobiographical Memory. Kluwer. (Cited by 8 | Google | Edit)

Brewer, William F. (1996). What is recollective memory? In David C. Rubin (ed.), Remembering Our Past: Studies in Autobiographical Memory. Cambridge University Press. (Cited by 67 | Google | Edit)

Bridgeman, Bruce (1992). Consciousness and memory. Psycoloquy. (Cited by 2 | Google | More links | Edit)

Abstract: Rosenthal makes assertions about what can and cannot happen without being conscious. Although his distinctions are informative, they do not substitute for data. We have little precise information that differentiates the immediate feeling of awareness, such as that possible for Korsakoff patients, from the later episodic memory of conscious experience. Appeals to introspection are useful starting points, but they are clearly are not to be trusted in this context. Rosenthal also asks why conscious thinking would be more efficacious than thinking that is not conscious. The answer is that the whole armamentarium of planning becomes available to conscious thought, together with episodic memory and the linguistic mediation that goes along with it

Buchner, A.; Erdfelder, E. & Vaterrodt-Plunnecke, B. (1995). Toward unbiased measurement of conscious and unconscious memory processes within the process dissociation framework. Journal of Experimental Psychology 124:137-60. (Cited by 88 | Google | Edit)

Burgess, Adrian P. & Ali, Lia (2002). Functional connectivity of gamma EEG activity is modulated at low frequency during conscious recollection. International Journal of Psychophysiology 46 (2):91-100. (Cited by 21 | Google | More links | Edit)

Butler, Laurie T. & Berry, Dianne C. (2001). Implicit memory: Intention and awareness revisited. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5 (5):192-197. (Cited by 46 | Google | More links | Edit)

Cavanaugh, J. C. (1989). The importance of awareness in memory aging. In L. Poon, David C. Rubin & B. Wilson (eds.), Everyday Cognition in Adulthood and Late Life. Cambridge University Press. (Cited by 26 | Google | Edit)

Chun, Elvin F. S. (online). Unconscious processing and memory: What can we really retrieve? (Google | Edit)

Clark, Robert E. D. & Squire, L. R. (1998). Classical conditioning and brain systems: The role of awareness. Science 280:77-81. (Cited by 235 | Google | More links | Edit)

Cloitre, M. (1997). Conscious and unconscious memory: A model of functional amnesia. In Dan J. Stein (ed.), Cognitive Science and the Unconscious. American Psychiatric Press. (Google | Edit)

Conway, Martin A. & Dewhurst, S. A. (1995). The self and recollective experience. Applied Cognitive Psychology 9:1-19. (Cited by 48 | Google | Edit)

D'Argembeau, A. & van der Linden, Martial (2004). Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of Valence and temporal distance. Consciousness and Cognition 13 (4):844-58. (Google | Edit)

Dalla Barba, Gianfranco (2001). Beyond the memory-trace paradox and the fallacy of homunculus: A hypothesis concerning the relationship between memory, consciousness and temporality. Journal of Consciousness Studies 8 (3):51-78. (Google | Edit)

Dalla Barba, Gianfranco (2001). Beyond the memory-trace paradox and the fallacy of the homunculus. Journal Of Consciousness Studies 8 (3):51-78. (Google | Edit)

Dalla Barba, Gianfranco (2000). Memory, consciousness, and the brain. Brain and Cognition 42 (1):20-22. (Google | Edit)

Dalla Barba, Gianfranco (2000). Memory, consciousness, and temporality: What is retrieved and who exactly is controlling the retrieval? In Endel Tulving (ed.), Memory, Consciousness, and the Brain: The Tallinn Conference. (Google | Edit)

Dohrenbusch, Ralf; Scholz, O. Berndt & Ott, Ralf (2006). Conscious and preconscious uses of memory in patients with depressive and somatoform disorders. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 28 (2):69-77. (Google | More links | Edit)

Duezel, E. (2000). What brain activity tells us about conscious awareness of memory retrieval. In Endel Tulving (ed.), Memory, Consciousness, and the Brain: The Tallinn Conference. Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis. (Google | Edit)

Duzel, Emrah; Yonelinas, Andrew P.; Mangun, G. R.; Heinze, H. J. & Tulving, Endel (1997). Event related brain potential correlates of two states of conscious awareness in memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94:5973-8. (Cited by 191 | Google | More links | Edit)

Duzel, Emrah (2000). What brain activity tells us about conscious awareness of memory retrieval. In Endel Tulving (ed.), Memory, Consciousness, and the Brain: The Tallinn Conference. Psychology Press. (Google | Edit)

Eich, Eric (1984). Memory for unattended events: Remembering with and without awareness. Memory and Cognition 12:105-11. (Cited by 79 | Google | Edit)

Erdelyi, Matthew H. (1984). The recovery of unconscious (inaccessible) memories: Laboratory studies of hypermnesia. In Gordon H. Bower (ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation. Academic Press. (Cited by 6 | Google | Edit)

Fay, Séverine; Isingrini, Michel & Pouthas, Viviane (2005). Does priming with awareness reflect explicit contamination? An approach with a response-time measure in word-stem completion. Consciousness and Cognition 14 (3):459-473. (Google | Edit)

Franklin, S.; Baars, B. J.; Ramamurthy, U. & Ventura, M. (2005). The role of consciousness in memory. Brains, Minds and Media 1. (Cited by 8 | Google | More links | Edit)

Gallo, David A. & Seamon, John G. (2004). Are nonconscious processes sufficient to produce false memories? Consciousness and Cognition 13 (1):158-168. (Cited by 7 | Google | Edit)

Gardiner, John M. & Parkin, A. J. (1990). Attention and recollective experience in recognition memory. Memory and Cognition 18:579-583. (Cited by 135 | Google | Edit)

Gardiner, John M. (2002). Episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness: A first-person approach. In Alan Baddeley, John P. Aggleton & Martin A. Conway (eds.), Episodic Memory: New Directions in Research. Oxford University Press. (Cited by 36 | Google | More links | Edit)

Gardiner, John M.; Ramponi, C. & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (1998). Experiences of remembering, knowing, and guessing. Consciousness and Cognition 7 (1):1-26. (Cited by 72 | Google | More links | Edit)

Abstract: This article presents and discusses transcripts of some 270 explanations subjects provided subsequently for recognition memory decisions that had been associated with remember, know, or guess responses at the time the recognition decisions were made. Only transcripts for remember responses included reports of recollective experiences, which seemed mostly to reflect either effortful elaborative encoding or involuntary reminding at study, especially in relation to the self. Transcripts for know responses included claims of just knowing, and of feelings of familiarity. These transcripts indicated that subjects were often quite confident of the accuracy of their decisions, compared with those for guess responses. Transcripts for decisions associated with guess responses also expressed feelings of familiarity but additionally revealed various strategies and inferences that did not directly reflect memory for studied items. The article concludes with a historical and theoretical overview of some interpretations of the states of awareness measured by these responses

Gardiner, John M. (1988). Functional aspects of recollective experience. Memory and Cognition 16:309-13. (Cited by 358 | Google | More links | Edit)

Gardiner, John M. (1996). On consciousness in relation to memory and learning. In Max Velmans (ed.), The Science of Consciousness. Routledge. (Cited by 2 | Google | Edit)

Gardiner, John M. & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (2000). Remembering and knowing. In Endel Tulving (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory. Oxford University Press. (Cited by 112 | Google | Edit)

Gardiner, John M. (1993). Recognition memory and awareness: An experiential approach. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 5:337-46. (Cited by 40 | Google | Edit)

Geraci, Lisa & Rajaram, Suparna (2004). The distinctiveness effect in the absence of conscious recollection: Evidence from conceptual priming. Journal of Memory and Language 51 (2):217-230. (Cited by 1 | Google | More links | Edit)

Gregg, V. H. & Gardiner, John M. (1994). Recognition memory and awareness: A large effect of study-test modalities on "know" responses following a highly perceptual orienting task. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 6:137-47. (Google | Edit)

Gutbrod, Klemens; Krouzel, Claudine; Hofer, Helene; Müri, René; Perrig, Walter J. & Ptak, Radek (2006). Decision-making in amnesia: Do advantageous decisions require conscious knowledge of previous behavioural choices? Neuropsychologia 44 (8):1315-1324. (Cited by 1 | Google | Edit)

Hamann, S. B. & Squire, L. R. (1997). Intact perceptual memory in the absence of conscious memory. Behavioral Neuroscience 111:850-54. (Cited by 96 | Google | More links | Edit)

Hamilton, Maryellen & Rajaram, Suparna (2003). States of awareness across multiple memory tasks: Obtaining a "pure" measure of conscious recollection. Acta Psychologica 112 (1):43-69. (Cited by 5 | Google | More links | Edit)

Henke, Katharina; Treyer, Valerie; Nagy, Eva T.; Kneifel, Stefan; Düsteler, Max; Nitsch, Roger M. & Buck, Alfred (2003). Active hippocampus during nonconscious memories. Consciousness and Cognition 12 (1):31-48. (Cited by 7 | Google | Edit)

Hirshman, E. & Master, S. (1997). Modeling the conscious correlates of recognition memory: Reflections on the remember-know paradigm. Memory and Cognition 25:345-351. (Cited by 108 | Google | Edit)

Hirst, W. (1989). On consciousness, recall, recognition, and the architecture of memory. In S. Lewandowsky, J. M. Dunn & K. Kirsner (eds.), Implicit Memory: Theoretical Issues. Lawrence Erlbaum. (Cited by 5 | Google | Edit)

Howe, Mark L. (2000). Consciousness, memory, and development. In Mark L. Howe (ed.), The Fate of Early Memories: Developmental Science and the Retention of Childhood Experiences. American Psychological Association. (Google | Edit)

Jacoby, Larry L. (1991). A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 30:513-41. (Cited by 5 | Google | Edit)

Jacoby, Larry L. & Witherspoon, D. (1982). Remembering without awareness. Canadian Journal of Psychology 36:300-324. (Cited by 160 | Google | Edit)

Jacoby, Larry L.; Toth, J. P. & Yonelinas, Andrew P. (1993). Separating conscious and unconscious influences of memory: Measuring recollection. Journal of Experimental Psychology 122:139-54. (Cited by 357 | Google | Edit)

Jacoby, Larry L.; Yonelinas, Andrew P. & Jennings, J. M. (1997). The relation between conscious and unconscious (automatic) influences: A declaration of independence. In Jonathan D. Cohen & Jonathan W. Schooler (eds.), Scientific Approaches to Consciousness. Lawrence Erlbaum. (Cited by 123 | Google | Edit)

Jacoby, Larry L.; Toth, J. P.; Yonelinas, Andrew P. & Debner, J. A. (1994). The relation between conscious and unconscious influences: Independence or redundancy? Journal of Experimental Psychology. (Google | Edit)

Jacoby, Larry L. & Kelley, Clarence M. (1987). Unconscious influences of memory for a prior event. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 13:314-36. (Cited by 89 | Google | Edit)

Jacoby, Larry L. & Kelley, Clarence M. (1991). Unconscious influences of memory: Dissociations and automaticity. In A. David Milner & M. D. Rugg (eds.), The Neuropsychology of Consciousness. Academic Press. (Cited by 60 | Google | Edit)

Johnson, M. K.; Foley, M. A.; Suengas, A. G. & Raye, C. L. (1988). Phenomenal characteristics of memories for perceivedand imagined autobiographical events. Journal of Experimental Psychology 117:371-76. (Google | Edit)

Joordens, S. & Merikle, Philip M. (1993). Independence or redundancy? Two models of conscious and unconscious influences. Journal of Experimental Psychology 122:462-67. (Cited by 55 | Google | Edit)

Kane, Kimberley A. (online). Electrophysiological indices of conscious and automatic memory processes. (Google | Edit)

Kelley, Clarence M. & Lindsay, D. S. (1996). Conscious and unconscious forms of memory. In E. Bjork & R. Bjork (eds.), Memory: Handbook of Perception and Cognition. Academic Press. (Cited by 8 | Google | More links | Edit)

Kelley, Clarence M. & Jacoby, Larry L. (1990). The construction of subjective experience: Memory attributions. Mind and Language 5:49-68. (Cited by 31 | Google | Edit)

Kihlstrom, John F.; Dorfman, Jennifer & Park, Lillian (2007). Implicit and explicit memory and learning. In Max Velmans & Susan Schneider (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Blackwell. (Google | Edit)

Kihlstrom, John F. (1995). Memory and consciousness: An appreciation of claparede and "recognition et moiite". Consciousness and Cognition 4:379-86. (Cited by 6 | Google | Edit)

Klimesch, W.; Doppelmayr, M.; Yonelinas, Andrew P.; Kroll, N. E. A.; Lazzara, M.; Röhm, D. & Gruber, W. (2001). Theta synchronization during episodic retrieval: Neural correlates of conscious awareness. Cognitive Brain Research 12 (1):33-38. (Cited by 38 | Google | More links | Edit)

Konstantinou, Ira & Gardiner, John M. (2005). Conscious control and memory awareness when recognising famous faces. Memory 13 (5):449-457. (Cited by 3 | Google | More links | Edit)

Kuhlmann, F. (1906). On the analysis of the memory consciousness: A study in the mental imagery and memory of meaningless visual forms. Psychological Review 13:316-48. (Cited by 1 | Google | Edit)

Kuhlmann, F. (1907). Problems in the analysis of the memory consciousness. Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 4 (1):5-14. (Google | More links | Edit)

Lampinen, J. M.; Neuschatz, J. S. & Payne, D. G. (1998).

8.4e	Psychoanalysis [163]

5.1e	Memory

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