A Taxonomy of Philosophy
This is a preliminary and incomplete taxonomy of areas of
philosophy, to be used in the PhilPapers project for accessing philosophical
papers. See this post (and ensuing discussion) on Fragments of Consciousness
for more details. Asterisks ("*") are attached to subcategories that are listed more than once, when they are listed under a nonprimary parent category paper.
Metaphysics and Epistemology
Epistemology
Epistemological Sources
The A Priori
Apriority and Necessity
Apriority in Mathematics
Conceptual Analysis*
Modal Rationalism*
Moral Rationalism*
Rationalism*
The A Priori, Misc
The Synthetic A Priori
Theories of the A Priori
Intuition
Epistemology of Intuition
Intuition, Misc
Linguistic Intuition*
Mathematical Intuition*
Modal Intuition*
Moral Intuitionism
The Nature of Intuition
Memory*
Perceptual Knowledge*
Reasoning
Abductive Reasoning
Argument
Critical Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Fallacies
Induction*
Inference
Self-Knowledge*
Testimony
Epistemology of Testimony
Testimony, Misc
The Nature of Testimony
Epistemological States and Properties
Basing
Belief*
Defeat
Entitlement
Evidence
Evidence and Knowledge
Evidentialism*
Perceptual Knowledge*
The Problem of Old Evidence*
Underdetermination of Theory by Data*
Evidence, Misc
Ignorance
Justification
Coherentism*
Dogmatism*
Epistemic Internalism and Externalism*
Epistemic Regress
Evidentialism*
Foundationalism*
Infinitism*
Justification, Misc
Moral Justification*
Perceptual Justification*
Reliabilism about Justification*
Knowledge*
Rationality
Delusions*
Irrationality
Moral Rationality*
Rational Requirements
Rationality, Misc
Rationality and Cognitive Science*
Reasons and Rationality*
Reasons*
Understanding
Warrant
Wisdom
Epistemological States and Properties, Misc
Epistemological Theories
Coherentism
Coherentism, Misc
Epistemic Regress*
Foundationalism and Coherentism*
Dogmatism
Dogmatism about Perception
Dogmatism, Misc
Dogmatist and Moorean Replies to Skepticism
Epistemic Contextualism
Contextualist Replies to Skepticism
Epistemic Contextualism and Invariantism
Epistemic Contextualism and Relativism
Epistemic Contextualism, Misc
Epistemic Contrastivism
Epistemic Internalism and Externalism
Epistemic Relativism
Epistemic Contextualism and Relativism*
Epistemic Relativism, Misc
Empiricism
Evidentialism
Foundationalism
Foundationalism and Coherentism
Foundationalism, Misc
Sense-Datum Theories of Perception*
The Given*
Infinitism
Rationalism
Reliabilism
Reliabilism about Knowledge
Reliabilism about Justification
Reliabilism, Misc
The Problem of Easy Knowledge*
The Generality Problem for Reliabilism
Virtue Epistemology
Epistemological Theories, Misc
Epistemology of Specific Domains
Epistemology of Logic*
Epistemology of Mathematics*
Epistemology of Philosophy*
Epistemology of Religion*
Epistemology of Specific Domains, Misc
Knowledge of Consciousness*
Knowledge of Language*
Modal Epistemology*
Moral Epistemology*
The Problem of Other Minds*
Self-Knowledge*
Epistemology, Misc
Epistemic Luck
Epistemic Paradoxes
Epistemic Possibility
Feminist Epistemology
Evolutionary Epistemology
Metaepistemology
Naturalized Epistemology
Epistemic Normativity
Doxastic Voluntarism
Epistemic Normativity, Misc
Epistemic Norms
Epistemic Value
Epistemic Virtues
Ethics of Belief
Formal Epistemology
Belief Revision
AGM Belief Revision Theory
Belief Revision, Misc
Nonmonotonic Logic*
Ranking Functions
Causal Reasoning
Causal Modeling
Causal Reasoning, Misc
Common Cause Principles
Confirmation and Induction*
Epistemic Logics*
Formal Social Epistemology
Common Knowledge
Formal Social Epistemology, Misc
Judgment Aggregation
Peer Disagreement
Formal Epistemology, Misc
Probabilistic Reasoning*
Knowledge
Defining Knowledge
Defining Knowledge, Misc
Primitivism about Knowledge*
The Gettier Problem
Varieties of Knowledge
Knowledge by Acquaintance
Knowledge How
Knowledge-Wh
Varieties of Knowledge, Misc
Theories of Knowledge
Causal Theory of Knowledge
Epistemic Contextualism*
Epistemic Relativism*
Primitivism about Knowledge
Reliabilism about Knowledge
Theories of Knowledge, Misc
Principles of Knowledge
Closure
Infallibility
Knowability
The KK Principle
Luminosity
Safety and Sensitivity
Principles of Knowledge, Misc
Knowledge, Misc
Knowledge, Misc
The Problem of Easy Knowledge
Skepticism
Varieties of Skepticism
Are We in A Simulation?*
Brains in Vats
Cartesian Skepticism
Dreams and Skepticism*
Inductive Skepticism
Metaphilosophical Skepticism
Modal Skepticism*
Moral Skepticism*
Perception and Skepticism*
Pyrrhonian Skepticism
Varieties of Skepticism, Misc
Replies to Skepticism
Abductive Replies to Skepticism
Contextualist Replies to Skepticism
Dogmatist and Moorean Replies to Skepticism
Externalist Replies to Skepticism
Fallibilist Replies to Skepticism
Relevance Replies to Skepticism
Replies to Skepticism, Misc
Skepticism, Misc
Social Epistemology
Collective Epistemology
Epistemology of Disagreement
Social Epistemology, Misc
Testimony
Metaphilosophy
Epistemology of Philosophy
Metaphilosophical Skepticism
Philosophical Methods*
Metaphilosophical Views
Empiricism
Naturalism
Rationalism
Philosophical Methods
Arguments
Conceptual Analysis
Experimental Philosophy
Formal Philosophy
Linguistic Analysis
Philosophical Methods, Misc
Thought Experiments
Transcendental Arguments
Metaphilosophy, Misc
Disagreement in Philosophy
Kinds of Philosophy
Metaontology*
Metaphilosophy, Misc
The Nature of Philosophy
The Nature of Analytic Philosophy
Philosophical Language
Philosophical Progress
Philosophical Traditions
The Role of Philosophy
The Value of Philosophy
Metaphysics
Causation, Laws, etc
Theories of Causation
Causal Eliminativism
Causal Primitivism
Causal Reductionism
Counterfactual Theories
Manipulability Theories
Nomological Theories
Occasionalism
Process Theories
Statistical Theories
Theories of Causation, Misc
Varieties of Causation
Agent Causation*
Backward Causation
Causal Overdetermination
Causal Preemption
Causation by Absences
Downward Causation
Mental Causation*
Probabilistic Causation
Supervenient Causation*
Varieties of Causation, Misc
Causation, Misc
Causal Reasoning*
Causal Relata
Causal Explanation
Causation in the Law*
Singular Causation
Causation, Misc
Chance and Objective Probability
Chance and Determinism
Chance and Objective Probability, Misc
Frequentism*
Logical Probability*
Probability Laws
Propensities*
The Principal Principle
Dispositions and Powers
Bare Dispositions
Dispositional and Categorical Properties
Conditional Analyses
Dispositions and Bases
Finkish Dispositions
Powers
Laws of Nature
Anti-Realism about Laws
Best-Systems Analyses
Ceteris Paribus Laws
Humeanism and Nonhumeanism about Laws
Lawlikeness
Laws as Relations between Universals
Necessitarianism about Laws
Nomic Necessity
Nomic Realism and Irrealism
Probabilistic Laws
Miscellaneous
Global Metaphysical Theories
Dualism*
Idealism
Logical Atomism
Monism
Naturalism
Phenomenalism
Physicalism
Causal Closure of the Physical
Formulating Physicalism
Nonreductive Materialism*
Supervenience and Physicalism*
Physicalism about the Mind*
Physicalism, Misc
Metaphysical Theories, Misc
Identity
Identity, Misc
Contingent Identity
Identity of Indiscernibles
Identity, Misc
Relative Identity*
The Necessity of Identity
Identity Through Time
Endurance
Perdurance
Occasional Identity
Relative Identity
Stage Theory
Three- and Four-Dimensionalism
Personal Identity
Personal Identity, General
Survival and What Matters
Persons
The Self
Psychological Theories
Physical and Animalist Theories
Fission and Split Brains
Multiple Personality
Interlevel Metaphysics
Conceptual Analysis and A Priori Entailment*
Emergence
Fundamentality
Realization
Interlevel Relations, Misc*
Physicalism*
Reduction*
Supervenience
Moral Supervenience*
Psychophysical Supervenience*
Supervenience and Physicalism
Supervenience, General
Supervenient Causation
Token Identity
Truthmakers*
Metaontology
Metaontology, Misc
Ontological Commitment
Ontological Conventionalism
Ontological Disagreement
Ontological Pluralism
Ontological Realism
Ontological Relativism
Quantification and Ontology*
Modality
Essentialism and De Re Modality
Counterpart Theory
Essentialism
Essentialism and Quantified Modal Logic
Haecceitism
Origins Essentialism
Varieties of Modality
Conceptual Necessity
Epistemic Possibility*
Logical Necessity
Metaphysical Necessity
Nomological Necessity
Theories of Modality
Modal Conceptualism
Modal Conventionalism
Modal Noncognitivism
Modal Primitivism
Modal Realism*
Modal Epistemology
Conceivability, Imagination, and Possibility
Counterfactuals and Modal Epistemology
Modal Error
Modal Intuition
Modal Empiricism
Modal Epistemology, Misc
Modal Rationalism
Modal Skepticism
Thought Experiments*
Possible Worlds
Ersatz Worlds
Modal Fictionalism
Modal Realism
Possible World Semantics*
Impossible Worlds
Objects
Abstract Objects, Misc
Bundle Theories
Material Objects
Coincidence*
Constitution
Contingent Identity*
Mereology
Monism*
Nihilism
Problem of the Many
Stuff
Three- and Four-Dimensionalism*
Universalism
Vague Objects*
Mathematical Objects*
Minor Entities
Holes
Reflections
Shadows
Minor Entities, Misc
Nonexistent Objects
Substratum Theories
Objects, Misc
Ontology
Events, Facts, States of Affairs, etc
Facts
Metaontology*
Propositions*
States of Affairs
Objects*
Properties*
Substance
Truthmakers
Properties
Dispositional and Categorical Properties*
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties
Natural Properties
Properties, Misc
Property Nominalism
Tropes
Universals
Realism and Anti-Realism
Metaphysical Realism
The Model-Theoretic Argument
Moral Realism*
Ontological Realism*
Quasi-Realism*
Realism and Anti-Realism, Misc
Scientific Realism*
Semantic Anti-Realism
Time
Eternalism, Presentism, Etc
Eternalism
Growing Block Views
Presentism
Identity Through Time*
Philosophy of Time, Misc
Physics of Time*
Temporal Consciousness*
The Direction of Time
The Passage of Time
A-Theories
B-Theories
McTaggart's Argument
Time and Change
Time Travel
Metaphysics, Misc
Philosophy of Action
Action Theory
The Nature of Action
Causal Theory of Action
Defining Action
The Nature of Action, Misc
The Structure of Action
Varieties of Action
Collective Action
Inaction
Intentional Action*
Mental Actions*
Trying
Explanation of Action
Explanation of Action, Misc
Mental Causation*
Psychological Explanation*
Reasons and Causes*
Action, Misc
Action Sentences
Consciousness of Action*
Intentional Action*
Knowledge of Action*
Perception and Action*
Agency and Responsibility
Agency
Agents
Doing and Allowing
Free Will and Responsibility*
Responsibility and Reactive Attitudes
Intentions and Plans
Collective Intentions*
Intentions
Intentional Action
Plans
Motivation and Will
Free Will*
Motivation
The Will
Weakness of Will
Decision Theory
Decision-Theoretic Frameworks
Causal Decision Theory
Evidential Decision Theory
Other Decision-Theoretic Frameworks
Decision-Theoretic Puzzles
Newcomb's Problem
Pascal's Wager*
St. Petersburg Paradox
Two-Envelope Paradox
Game Theory
Convention and Coordination
Evolutionary Game Theory
Game-Theoretic Principles
Game Theory and Ethics
Game Theory and Political Philosophy
Prisoner's Dilemma
Topics in Decision Theory
Decision Theory and Ethics
Infinite Decision Theory
Normative and Descriptive Decision Theory
Utility
Free Will
Free Will and Science
Free Will and Genetics
Free Will and Neuroscience
Free Will and Physics
Free Will and Psychology
Free Will and Science, Misc
The Will*
Theories of Free Will
Agent Causation
Compatibilism
Free Will Skepticism
Identification Theories
Incompatibilism
Libertarianism
Semi-Compatibilism
Topics in Free Will
Alternative Possibilities
Determinism
Free Will and Responsibility
Free Will and Foreknowledge
Responsibility and Reactive Attitudes*
Free Will, Misc
Philosophy of Action, Misc
Practical Reason
Moral Psychology*
Moral Reasoning and Motivation*
Practical Reason, Misc
Decision
Deliberation
Desire and Reason
Instrumental Reasoning
Normativity of Practical Reason
Norms of Practical Reason
Practical and Theoretical Reasoning
Rational Requirements
Reasons
Internalism and Externalism about Reasons
Reasons and Causes
Reasons and Oughts
Reasons and Rationality
Subjective and Objective Reasons
Philosophy of Language
Languages
Idiolects
Knowledge of Language*
Linguistic Universals
Private Language
Public Language
Words
Meaning
The Basis of Meaning
Deflationary Theories
Inferentialist Theories
Interpretivist Theories
Intention-Based Theories
Naturalizing Content*
Thought-Based Theories
Use Theories
Aspects of Meaning
Meaning Holism*
Meaning Skepticism*
Speaker Meaning and Semantic Meaning
The Normativity of Meaning and Content*
Aspects of Meaning, Misc
Semantic Theories
Conceptual Semantics
Event-Based Theories
Fregean Theories
Frege's Puzzle
Fregean Sense
Fregean Theories of Attitude Ascriptions*
Fregean Theories, Misc
Intensional and Possible World Semantics
Justificationist Semantics
Relevance Theory*
Russellian and Direct Reference Theories
Direct Reference Theories of Indexicals*
Millian Theories of Names
Russellian Theories of Attitude Ascriptions
Singular Propositions*
Structured Propositions*
Russellian and Direct Reference Theories, Misc
Situation Theory
Truth-Conditional Theories
Two-Dimensional Semantics
Type Theories
The Nature of Contents*
Semantic Theories, Misc
Propositions
Attitude Ascriptions*
Pleonastic Propositions
Propositional Attitudes*
Propositions and Facts
Propositions and That-Clauses
Propositions as Sets of Worlds
Propositions, Misc
Singular Propositions
Structured Propositions
The Unity of the Proposition
The Nature of Contents*
Semantic Phenomena
Ambiguity and Polysemy
Analyticity
Compositionality
Context and Context-Dependence*
Conventional Implicature
Definitions
Intensionality and Opacity
Interpretation
Logical Form
Nonliteral Meaning
Meaning, Misc
Scope
Semantic Values
Synonymy
Translation
Reference
Theories of Reference
Causal Theories
Deflationary Theories
Descriptive Theories
Russellian and Direct Reference Theories*
Theories of Reference, Misc
Aspects of Reference
Empty Names
Indeterminacy of Reference
Intension and Extension
Nonreferring Expressions
Reference Failure
Rigid Designation
Reference, Misc
Speaker Meaning and Semantic Meaning*
Philosophy of Linguistics
Syntax*
Semantics
Formal Semantics
Generative Semantics
Lexical Semantics
Semantic Phenomena*
Semantic Theories*
Specific Expressions*
The Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction*
Other Areas of Linguistics
Computational Linguistics
Historical Linguistics
Phonology
Pragmatics*
Psycholinguistics
Sociolinguistics
Methodology of Linguistics
Competence and Performance
Linguistic Intuitions
Prescriptivism and Descriptivism
Psychological Reality
Philosophy of Linguistics, Misc
Linguistic Innateness*
Knowledge of Language*
The Status of Linguistic Theories
Philosophy of Language, Misc
Feminist Philosophy of Language
Language and Society
Law and Language
The Role of Language in Thought
Use and Mention
Pragmatics
Assertion
Communication
Context and Context-Dependence
Character and Content*
Context and Logical Form
Epistemic Contextualism*
Semantic Minimalism
The Nature of Context
The Scope of Context-Dependence
Context and Context-Dependence, Misc
Discourse Representation
Focus
Force
Implicature
Conventional Implicature*
Conversational Implicature
Implicature, Misc
Metaphor
Performatives
Presupposition
Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction
Speech Acts
Specific Expressions
Adverbs
Attitude Ascriptions
Attitude Ascriptions, Misc
Desire Ascriptions
Fregean Theories of Attitude Ascriptions
Russellian Theories of Attitude Ascriptions
Frege's Puzzle*
Hidden-Indexical Theories of Attitude Ascriptions
Substitutivity in Attitude Ascriptions
Conditionals
Truth-Conditional Accounts of Indicative Conditionals
Epistemic Accounts of Indicative Conditionals
Pragmatic Accounts of Indicative Conditionals
Indicative Conditionals and Conditional Probabilities
Indicative Conditionals, Misc
Counterfactuals and Possible Worlds
Subjunctive Conditionals, Misc
Conditionals, Misc
Connectives
Causal Connectives
Explanatory Connectives
Conditionals*
Conjunction
Connectives, Misc
Disjunction
Negation
Descriptions
Attributive and Referential Uses of Descriptions
Descriptions as Predicates
Descriptive Theories of Reference*
Descriptive Theories of Names*
Incompleteness of Descriptions
Indefinite Descriptions
Presuppositional Account of Descriptions
Russell's Theory of Descriptions
Determiners
Articles
Complex Demonstratives*
Determiners, Misc
Numerical Expressions
Possessives
Quantifiers*
Generics
Indexicals and Demonstratives
Character and Content
Complex Demonstratives*
Demonstratives, Misc
Direct Reference Theories of Indexicals
Indexicals, Misc
The First-Person Pronoun
Pure and Impure Indexicals
Modal Expressions
Counterfactuals and Possible Worlds*
Epistemic Modals
Modal Expressions, Misc
Names
Causal Theories of Names
Demonstrative Theories of Names
Descriptive Theories of Names
Empty Names
Frege's Puzzle
Millian Theories of Names
Rigid Designation*
Nouns
Singular Terms
General Terms
Kind Terms
Names*
Mass Nouns and Count Nouns
Predicates
Adjectives, Misc
Gradable Adjectives
Predicates and Context-Depdnence
Kinds of Predicate
States, Activities, Accomplishments, Achievements
Taste Predicates
Predicates, Misc
Pronouns and Anaphora
Quantifiers
Generalized Quantifiers
Plural Quantification
Quantification and Ontology*
Quantifier Restriction
Unrestricted Quantification
Substitutional Quantification
Variables*
Questions
Quotation
Temporal Expressions
Verbs
Attitude Ascriptions*
Intensional Transitive Verbs
States, Activities, Accomplishments, Achievements*
Other Expressions
Syntax
Syntactic Phenomena
Binding
Ellipsis
Grammaticality
Scope*
Syntactic Categories
Syntactic Phenomena, Misc
Syntactic Theories
Government and Binding
The Minimalist Program
Nontransformational Grammars
Transformational Grammar
Universal Grammar
Linguistic Innateness
Linguistic Innateness, Misc
Linguistic Universals*
Poverty of the Stimulus
Universal Grammar*
Truth and Vagueness
Theories of Truth
Coherence Theory of Truth
Correspondence Theory of Truth
Minimalism and Deflationism about Truth
Pragmatism about Truth
Tarskian Theories of Truth
Theories of Truth, Misc
Truth, Misc
Relativism about Truth
Truth Bearers
Truth and Justification
Truthmakers*
The Liar Paradox
Theories of Vagueness
Contextual Theories of Vagueness
Degree-Theoretic Theories of Vagueness
Epistemic Theories of Vagueness
Incoherentism about Vagueness
Nihilism about Vagueness
Many-Valued Logic
Supervaluationism
Theories of Vagueness, Misc
Vagueness, Misc
Higher-Order Vagueness
Vague Objects*
Vagueness in Ethics and the Law
Philosophy of Mind
Philosophy of Consciousness
Consciousness
Consciousness, General Works
The Concept of Consciousness
Consciousness, Miscellaneous
Explaining Consciousness?
What is it Like?
Subjectivity and Objectivity
The Explanatory Gap
`Hard' and `Easy' Problems
Cognitive Closure
Conceptual Analysis and A Priori Entailment
Explaining Consciousness, Misc
Consciousness and Materialism
The Knowledge Argument
Zombies and the Conceivability Argument
Kripke's Modal Argument
Arguments from Disembodiment
Other Anti-Materialist Arguments
Qualia and Materialism*
Consciousness and Materalism, Misc
Mind-Body Problem, General
Specific Views on Consciousness
Higher-Order Thought Approaches
Representationalism*
Self-Representational Approaches
Dennett's Functionalism
Searle's Biological Naturalism
Functionalism about Consciousness
Eliminativism about Consciousness
Dualism about Consciousness
Panpsychism
Russellian Monism
Neutral Monism
Idealism*
Phenomenalism*
Metaphysics of Consciousness, Misc
Consciousness and Content
Consciousness and Intentionality
Representationalism
Phenomenal Intentionality
Conscious Thought
Internalism and Externalism about Experience
Phenomenal Concepts
Consciousness and Content, Misc
Aspects of Consciousness
Self-Consciousness
The Unity of Consciousness
Homogeneity of Consciousness
Knowledge of Consciousness
The Function of Consciousness
Temporal Consciousness
Consciousness of Agency
Bodily Experience*
Perceptual Experience*
Attention and Consciousness*
Emotions and Consciousness*
Unconscious States
Collective Consciousness
Qualia
Qualia, General
Qualia and Materialism
Eliminativism about Qualia
The Inverted Spectrum
Absent Qualia
Functionalism and Qualia
Science of Consciousness*
Intentionality
Propositional Attitudes
The Language of Thought
The Intentional Stance
Eliminativism
Belief*
Desire*
Thought and Thinking*
Propositions*
Attitude Ascriptions*
Propositional Attitudes, General
Content Internalism and Externalism
Is Content in the Head?
Social Externalism
Externalism and Psychological Explanation
Externalism and Mental Causation
Externalism and the Theory of Vision
Externalism and Computation
Externalism and Self-Knowledge
Narrow Content
Two-Dimensionalism about Content*
The Extended Mind
Internalism and Externalism about Experience*
Internalism and Externalism, Misc
Naturalizing Content
Information-Based Accounts
Asymmetric Dependence
Causal Accounts, General
Teleological Approaches
Conceptual Role Approaches
Interpretivist Approaches
Phenomenal Intentionality*
Naturalizing Content, Misc
The Nature of Contents
Conceptual and Nonconceptual Content*
The Contents of Perception*
Fregean and Russellian Contents
Indexical Contents
Intentional Objects
Narrow Content
Object-Dependent Contents
Propositions*
Two-Dimensionalism about Content
Aspects of Intentionality
Naturalism and Intentionality
Meaning Skepticism
Rule-Following
The Normativity of Meaning and Content
Meaning Holism
The Explanatory Role of Content
Collective Intentionality
Intentionality, Misc
Representation
The Concept of Representation
Varieties of Representation
Theories of Representation
Skepticism About Representations
Representation in Cognitive Science*
Representation in Neuroscience*
Pictorial Representation*
Computation and Representation*
Concepts
Perception-Based Theories of Concepts
Inferential Theories of Concepts
Prototype and Exemplar Theories of Concepts
Theory-Based Theories of Concepts
Atomist Theories of Concepts
Theories of Concepts, Misc
Conceptual Analysis*
Conceptual Change
Concept Possession
Ontology of Concepts
Phenomenal Concepts*
Recognitional Concepts
Theories of Concepts
Mental Content, Misc
Perception
The Nature of Perceptual Experience
Sense-Datum Theories
Adverbialism and Qualia Theories
Intentionalism
Belief Theories
Naive and Direct Realism
Disjunctivism
The Nature of Perceptual Experience, Misc
The Perceptual Relation
The Causal Theory of Perception
Direct and Indirect Perception
The Objects of Perception
The Perceptual Relation, Misc
The Contents of Perception
Conceptual and Nonconceptual Content
Color Experience
Spatial Experience
The Experience of Objects
The Experience of High-Level Properties
The Contents of Perception, Misc
Sensory Modalities
Distinguishing the Senses
Vision
Other Sensory Modalities
Molyneux's Problem
The Senses, Misc
The Science of Perception
Modularity and Cognitive Penetrability
Ecological Approaches to Perception
Construction and Inference in Perception
Perception and Neuroscience
Psychophysics
Gestalt Theory
Visual Consciousness*
Perception and the Mind
Perceptual Knowledge*
Perception and Thought
Perception and Action
Perception and Reference
Perception and Phenomenology
Perception-Based Theories of Concepts*
Perceptual Knowledge
Discriminability*
Dogmatism about Perception
Epistemic and Non-epistemic Perception
Naive and Direct Realism*
Perceptual Justification
Perception and Knowledge, Misc
Perception and Skepticism
Sense-Datum Theories*
The Given
Perceptual Qualities
Color
Sound
Discriminability
Primary and Secondary Qualities
Perceptual Qualities, Misc
Qualia*
Special Topics
Illusion and Hallucination
Transparency
The Given*
Perceptual Reports
Sensation and Perception
Philosophy of Perception, General
Metaphysics of Mind
Physicalism about the Mind
Consciousness and Materialism*
Qualia and Materialism*
Identity Theory
Eliminative Materialism
Anomalous Monism
Nonreductive Materialism*
Physicalism about the Mind, Misc
Physicalism* [?]
Dualism
Causal Closure of the Physical*
Interactionism
Epiphenomenalism
Psychophysical Parallelism
Dualism about Consciousness*
Dualism, Misc
Behaviorism
Logical Behaviorism
Psychological Behaviorism*
Behaviorism, Misc
Functionalism
Causal Role Functionalism
Machine Functionalism
Functionalism About Consciousness*
Functionalism and Qualia*
Functionalism, Misc
Other Psychophysical Theories
Idealism*
Neutral Monism*
Panpsychism*
Russellian Monism*
Psychophysical Reduction
Nonreductive Materialism
Reduction in Psychology and Neuroscience
Reduction and Multiple Realizability*
Psychophysical Reduction, Misc
Other Psychophysical Relations
Conceptual Analysis and A Priori Entailment*
Emergence*
Realization*
Psychophysical Supervenience
Token Identity*
Interlevel Relations, Misc*
Mental Causation
Anomalous Monism and Mental Causation
Causal Overdetermination*
Causal Closure of the Physical*
Downward Causation*
Epiphenomenalism*
Explanatory Role of Content*
Externalism and Mental Causation
Functionalism and Mental Causation
Psychological Explanation*
Reasons and Causes*
Supervenient Causation*
The Exclusion Problem
The Function of Consciousness*
Mental Causation, Misc
Personal Identity*
Free Will*
Metaphysics of Mind, Misc
Epistemology of Mind
Self-Knowledge
Observational Accounts
Commitment/Expression-Based Accounts
Constitutive Accounts
Externalism and Self-Knowledge*
Knowledge of Consciousness*
First-Person Authority and Privileged Access
First-Person Approaches to the Science of Consciousness
Introspection and Introspectionism*
Infallibility and Incorrigibility
Self-Deception*
Self-Knowledge, Misc
The Problem of Other Minds
Analogy and Other Minds
Abduction and Other Minds
Criteria and Other Minds
Direct Knowledge and Other Minds
Induction and Other Minds
Other Minds, Misc
Private Language and Other Minds
Perceptual Knowledge*
Epistemology of Mind, Misc
Mental States
Attention
Attention and Consciousness
Attention, Misc
Change/Inattentional Blindness
Science of Consciousness and Attention
The Nature of Attention
Belief
Attitude Ascriptions*
Belief, Misc
Belief Revision*
Collective Belief
Degrees of Belief*
De Re Belief
Doxastic Voluntarism*
The Ethics of Belief*
The Nature of Belief
Tacit and Dispositional Belief
Bodily Experience
Bodily Awareness
Bodily Experience, Misc
Bodily Sensations
Embodiment and Situated Cognition
Pain*
Desire
Desire and Reason*
Desire as Belief
Desire-Satisfaction Theories of Well-Being
Pleasure and Desire
Theories of Desire, Misc
Desire, Misc
Dreams
Consciousness, Sleep, and Dreaming*
Dreams and Skepticism*
Dreams, Misc
The Nature of Dreaming
Emotions
Aesthetic Emotion*
Classifying Emotions
Cognitive Theories of Emotions
Emotivism and Sentimentalism*
Emotions and Appraisals
Emotions and Consciousness
Emotions and Feelings
Emotion and Rationality
Moods
Music and Emotion*
Objects and Contents of Emotions
Science of Consciousness and Emotion
The Nature of Emotion, Misc
Imagery
Imagination
Conceivability, Imagination, and Possibility*
Imaginative Resistance
Imagination and Imagery
Imagination and Pretense
Imagination, Misc
Visual Imagery and Imagination*
Intuition*
Memory
Epistemology of Memory
Memory and Cognitive Science
Memory, Misc
The Nature of Memory
Mental Actions
Moral Psychology*
Pain
The Concept of Pain
Location of Pain
Pain and Pain Experience
Pain and Perception
Pain, Misc
Pain and Mental Objects
Pleasure and Pain*
Pleasure
Aesthetic Pleasure*
Hedonism*
Pleasure and Desire
Pleasure and Pain
Pleasure, Misc
The Value of Pleasure
Thought and Thinking
Conscious Thought*
Reasoning*
Mental States, Misc
Philosophy of Cognitive Science*
Philosophy of Mind, Miscellaneous
Collective Mentality
Collective Action*
Collective Belief*
Collective Consciousness*
Collective Epistemology*
Collective Intentionality*
Collective Intentions*
Philosophy of Mind, General
Philosophy of Mind, Misc
Philosophy of Religion
Arguments for Theism
Cosmological Arguments
Design Arguments
Moral Arguments
Ontological Arguments
Pragmatic Arguments
Arguments for Theism, Misc
Gods and their Properties
Benevolence
Divine Freedom
Divine Foreknowledge
Divine Simplicity
Gods, Misc
Omnipotence
Omniscience
Epistemology of Religion
Epistemology of Religion, Misc
Faith
Reformed Epistemology
Religious Experience
Revelation
Religious Views
Atheism and Agnosticism
Monotheism, Polytheism, Pantheism
Specific Religions
Buddhism
Christianity
Heaven and Hell*
The Incarnation
The Trinity
Hinduism
Islam
Judaism
Other Religions
Religious Topics
Afterlife
Afterlife, Misc
Heaven and Hell
Reincarnation
Resurrection
Creation
Creation, Misc
Evolution and Creationism
Evil
Moral Evil
Natural Evil
The Argument from Evil
Evil, Misc
Miracles
Prayer
Sin
M&E, Misc
Value Theory
Aesthetics
Aesthetic Cognition
Aesthetic Attitudes
Aesthetic Concepts
Aesthetic Emotion
Aesthetic Experience
Aesthetic Judgment
Aesthetic Perception
Aesthetic Pleasure
Aesthetic Taste
Aesthetic Understanding
Aesthetics and Cognitive Science
Aesthetic Qualities
Aesthetic Qualities, Misc
Beauty
Style
Aesthetic Realism
Aesthetic Realism
Relativism
Subjectivism
Universality
Aesthetic Representation and Meaning
Aesthetic Symbol Systems
Depiction
Intention and Intepretation
Aesthetic Value
Aesthetic Criticism
Aesthetic Evaluation
Aesthetic Normativity
Aesthetics and Ethics
The Value of Art*
Aesthetics and Culture
Aesthetic Universals
Crosscultural Aesthetics
Pop Culture
Aesthetics, Misc
Aesthetics of Nature
Art and Artworks
Artworks
The Artworld
The Definition of Art
The Value of Art
Philosophy of Arts, Misc
Architecture
Comics
Dance
Design
Fashion
Food and Drink
Humour
Opera
Theatre
Philosophy of Film
Cinema
Television
Video
Philosophy of Film, Misc
Philosophy of Music
Definition of Music
Ontology of Music
Musical Ontology, Misc
Musical Performance
Musical Works
Musical Experience
Music and Emotion
Musical Experience, Misc
Musical Expression
Musical Understanding
Varieties of Music
Classical Music
Folk Music
Jazz
Opera*
Popular Music
Varieties of Music, Misc
Philosophy of Literature
Fiction
Fictional Characters
Fictionalism*
Narrative
Truth in Fiction
Nonfiction
Poetry
Literature, Misc
Philosophy of Visual Art
Painting and Drawing
Photography
Pictorial Representation
Sculpture
Applied Ethics
Academic Ethics
Applied Ethics, Misc
General Issues in Applied Ethics
Autonomy
Benevolence
Benificence
Harm
Honesty
Justice
Lawfulness
Paternalism
Rights
Biomedical Ethics
Death and Dying
Assisted Suicide
Brain Death
Capital Punishment
Cryonics
Defining Death
Euthanasia
Genocide
Infanticide
Life Support
Suicide
The Badness of Death
Drugs
Drug Addiction
Pharmaceuticals
Recreational Drugs
Genetic Ethics
Cloning*
Eugenics
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Modification
Genetic Testing
Health Care Ethics
Disability
Disease
Health
Health Care Justice
Health Care Rights
Illness
Informed Consent*
Nursing
Welfare
Medical Ethics
Advance Directives
Benificence
Confidentiality
Informed Consent
Life Extension
Malpractice
Medical Research Ethics
Organ Donation
Organ Transplantation
Psychiatry
Therapeutic Cloning
Neuroethics
Brain Death*
Brain Imaging
Cognitive Enhancement
Neuroethics, Misc
Neuroscience of Ethics*
Psychopathology*
Vegetative and Post-Coma States
Reproductive Ethics
Abortion
Cloning
Contraception
Parenthood
Morality of Procreation
Sex Selection
Sperm and Egg Donation
Stem Cell Research
Surrogate Motherhood
Environmental Ethics
Animal Ethics
Animal Cruelty
Animal Rights
Speciesism
Vegetarianism
Environmental Value
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Diversity
Intrinsic Value
Instrumental Value
Environmental Philosophies
Conservation Ethics
Deep Ecology
Ecofeminism
Environmental Pluralism
Environmental Pragmatism
Humanist Theories
Social Ecology
Topics in Environmental Philosophy
Climate Change
Ecology and Conservation Biology*
Environmental Justice
Future Generations
Nature
Pollution
Species*
Sustainability
Wilderness
Gender, Race, and Sexuality*
Professional Ethics
Academic Ethics
Business Ethics
Media Ethics
Military Ethics
Legal Ethics
Professional Ethics, Misc
Political Ethics
Criminal Justice Ethics
Policing
Punishment
Capital Punishment
Government Ethics
International Ethics
Famine
Global Justice
War and Violence*
Social Ethics
Family Ethics
Childhood
Parenthood
Friendship
Sexual Ethics
Prostitution
Pornography
Sexual Orientation*
Sexual Ethics, Misc
Technology Ethics
Computer Ethics
Internet Ethics
Nanotechnology
Meta-Ethics
Meta-Ethics, Misc
Moral Judgment
Amoralists
Moral Cognitivism*
Moral Emotivism and Sentimentalism*
Moral Expressivism*
Internalism and Externalism about Moral Judgment
Moral Noncognitivism*
Moral Naturalism and Non-Naturalism
Moral Nonnaturalism
Moral Supervenience
The Naturalistic Fallacy
The Open Question Argument
The Is/Ought Gap
Moral Realism and Irrealism
Moral Realism
Moral Cognitivism
Moral Constructivism
Cornell Realism
Moral Descriptivism
Moral Functionalism
Moral Rationalism*
Moral Realism, Misc
Moral Nonnaturalism*
Moral Sensibility Theories
Moral Irrealism
Moral Emotivism and Sentimentalism
Moral Error Theories and Fictionalism
Moral Expressivism
Moral Irrealism, Misc
Moral Noncognitivism
Moral Prescriptivism
Moral Projectivism
Moral Relativism
Moral Subjectivism
Moral Realism and Irrealism, Misc
Ideal Observer Theories
Moral Constructivism
Moral Explanation
Moral Objectivity
Moral Queerness
Quasi-Realism
Moral Response-Dependence
Moral Epistemology
Moral Coherentism
Moral Intuitionism
Moral Disagreement
Moral Justification
Moral Rationalism
Moral Skepticism
Reflective Equilibrium
Moral Language
Moral Expressivism*
Moral Prescriptivism*
Moral Semantics
Moral Normativity
Ought Implies Can
Moral Normativity, Misc
Moral Norms
Values and Norms*
Moral Principles
Hypothetical and Categorical Imperatives*
Moral Generalism
Moral Generalizations
Moral Particularism
Moral Principles, Misc
Moral Universalizability
Moral Reasoning and Motivation
Internalism and Externalism about Moral Judgment*
Internalism and Externalism about Reasons*
Moral Judgment*
Moral Concepts
Moral Motivation
Moral Rationality
Moral Reasons
Moral Responsibility
Moral Value*
Normative Ethics
Ethical Theories
Anti-Theory
Consequentialism
Agent-Centered and Agent-Relative Value*
Consequentialism, Misc
Indirect Justification
Moral Value*
Rule Consequentialism
Utilitarianism
Act- and Rule-Utilitarianism
Utility*
Self-Effacingness
Satisficing
Teleology
Moral Contractualism and Contractarianism*
Deontological Moral Theories
Kantian Ethics
The Categorical Imperative
Formula of Universal Law
Formula of Humanity
Formula of the Kingdom of Ends
Categorical and Hypothetical Imperatives*
The Categorical Imperative, Misc
The Good Will and Moral Worth
Contradictions in Conception and in the Will
Perfect and Imperfect Duties
Natural Law Theory
Moral Pluralism*
The Doctrine of Double Effect
Doing and Allowing*
Ought Implies Can*
Ethical Egoism
Virtue Ethics
Ethical Theories, Misc
Moral Value
Agent-Centered and Agent-Relative Value
Axiology*
Buck-Passing
Fact-Value Distinction*
Incommensurability
Intrinsic Value*
Moral Worth
Neutral and Relative Value
The Good
The Meaning of Life
Values and Norms
Well-Being
Hedonism
Desire Satisfaction Accounts
Objective List Accounts
Perfectionism
Well-Being, Misc
Moral Phenomena
Desert
Moral Dilemmas
Moral Luck
Moral Sainthood
Obligation
Promises
Suberogation
Supererogation
Moral Psychology
Altruism and Psychological Egoism
Ethics and Cognitive Science
Evolution of Morality
Neuroscience of Ethics*
Neuroethics*
Psychology of Ethics
Skepticism about Character*
Moral Character
Amoralists*
Integrity
Moral Sainthood
Skepticism about Character
Virtues and Vices
Moral Judgment*
Moral Reasoning and Motivation*
Moral States and Processes
Alienation
Anger
Courage
Cruelty
Emotion*
Envy
Gratitude
Guilt and Shame
Happiness
Hypocrisy
Jealousy
Kindness
Love
Moral Deliberation
Moral Perception
Moral Phenomenology
Resentment
Schadenfreude
Self-Deception
Sympathy
Trust
Philosophy of Education
The Nature of Education
The Aims of Education
Educational Authority
Philosophy of Education, Misc
Philosophy of Teaching
Philosophy of Childhood
Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
Feminist Philosophy
Philosophy of Gender, Misc
Philosophy of Race
Philosophy of Sexual Orientation
Philosophy of Sexuality, Misc
Philosophy of Law
The Nature of Law and Legal Systems
Interpretivist Theories
Legal Positivism
Natural Law Theory
Legal Realism
Mixed Theories
Nature of Law, Misc
Legal Reasoning and Adjudication
Formalism
Realism
Indeterminacy of Legal Reasoning
Formal Models of Legal Reasoning
Legal Authority and Obligation
Legal Authority
Political Obligation
Obligations in the Law
Methodology of Jurisprudence
Descriptive Jurisprudence
Normative Jurisprudence
Conceptual Analysis
Naturalism
Philosophy of Criminal Law
Punishment
Justification and Excuse
Defenses
Specific Crimes
Criminal/Tort Distinction
Philosophy of Criminal Law, Misc
Philosophy of Private Law
Contracts
Torts
Property
Philosophy of Constitutional Law
Constitutionalism
Constitutional Interpretation
Philosophy of International Law
Philosophy of Evidence and Proof
Philosophy of Other Areas of Law
Philosophy of Law, Misc
Social and Political Philosophy
Culture and Cultures
Cultural Cosmopolitanism*
Cultural Relativism
Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism and Autonomy
Multiculturalism and Feminism
Multicultural Liberalism
Minorities
Affirmative Action*
Minority Rights
Identity Politics
Politics of Recognition
Cultural Pluralism
Equality
Affirmative Action
Distributive Justice*
Egalitarianism
The Scope of Equality
The Value of Equality
Equality and Capabilities
Equality and Responsibility
The Leveling-Down Objection
Priority and Prioritarianism
The Concept of Equality
Varieties of Equality
Equality of Welfare
Equality of Resources
Equality of Opportunity
Freedom and Liberty
Coercion
Exploitation*
Free Will*
Autonomy
Specific Freedoms
Freedom of Assembly
Freedom of Association
Freedom of Movement
Freedom of Religion
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Thought
Positive and Negative Freedom
Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality*
Government and Democracy
Democracy
Civic Virtue
Civil Society
Conceptions of Democracy
Deliberative Democracy
Democratic Authority*
Justification of Democracy
Participatory Democracy
Representative Democracy
Government
Authoritarianism
Constitutional Law*
Paternalism
Political Legitimacy*
Political Authority
Anarchism*
Associative Obligations
Consensus and Political Authority
Consent and Political Authority
Democratic Authority*
Instrumentalism about Political Authority
Public Justification
Political Legitimacy
Social Contract
Contractarianism about Political Authority
Contractualism about Political Authority
Moral Contractualism and Contractarianism*
Social Choice
Arrow's Theorem
Concdorcet's Paradox
Judgment Aggregation
Social Choice, Misc
International Philosophy
Cosmopolitanism
Cultural Cosmpolitanism
Economic Cosmpolitanism
Moral Cosmopolitanism
Political Cosmopolitanism
Globalization
Imperialism
Intervention
International Ethics*
Global Justice*
Global Governance
International Law*
Realism and Neo-Realism
Justice
Criminal Justice*
Distributive Justice
Desert and Distributive Justice
The Difference Principle
The Original Position
Egalitarianism
Global Justice*
Libertarian Critique of Distributive Justice
Prioritarianism
Welfare
Environmental Justice*
Global Justice*
Health Care Justice
International Justice*
The Nature of Justice
Philosophy of Social Science*
Political Theory
Political Views
Anarchism
Communitarianism
Conservatism
Constructivism
Liberalism
Liberalism and Liberty
Classical Liberalism
New Liberalism
Political Liberalism
Liberalism and Value
The Scope of Liberalism
Libertarianism
Perfectionism
Republicanism
Socialism and Marxism
Rights
Civil and Political Rights
Freedom of Speech*
Freedom of Thought*
Freedom of Assembly*
Freedom of Association*
Freedom of Movement*
The Concept of Rights
Hohfeldian Analysis
The Basis of Rights
Contractarian And Consent Theories
Will Versus Interest Theories
Rights and Utilitarianism
Aspects of Rights
Conflicts Among Rights
Criticisms of Rights
Rights and Equality
Rights and Freedom
Specific Rights, Misc
Childrens Rights
Environmental Rights
Minority and Group Rights
Natural Rights
Right to Employment
Trade Union Rights
Health Care Rights
Human Rights
Human Rights Law
Human Rights Treaties
Property Rights
Original Appropriation
Externalities
Social and Political Philosophy, Misc
Exploitation
Political Concepts
Political Obligation*
The Political Role of Philosophy
Property
Markets
States and Nations
Political Authority*
Civil War*
Immigration
Intervention*
Nationalism
Patriotism
Political Authority
Political Power
Revolution
Secession
Sovereignty
Statehood
War and Violence
Violence
Genocide
Gun Control
Murder
Rape
Terrorism
Torture
Violence, Misc
War
Civil War
Conduct of War
Deterrence
Ethics and Justification of War
Just War Theory
Nature of War
Nuclear War
Pacifism
Purpose of War
War Crimes
Value Theory, Misc
Normativity
Aesthetic Normativity*
Epistemic Normativity*
Moral Normativity*
Normativity of Meaning and Content*
Normativity of Practical Reason*
Normativity and Naturalism
Normativity, Misc
Value
Aesthetic Value*
Axiology
Epistemic Value*
Environmental Value*
Intrinsic Value
Moral Value
The Fact-Value Distinction
Value, Misc
Value Theory, Misc
Science, Logic, and Mathematics
Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Logics
Classical Logic
Aristotelian Logic
Propositional Logic
Predicate Logic
Deontic Logic
Epistemic Logics
Doxastic and Epistemic Logic
Inductive Logic
Nonmonotonic Logic
Higher-Order Logics
Second-Order Logic
Higher-Order Logics, Misc
Modal and Intensional Logic
Intensional Modal Logic
Modal Logic
Provability Logics
Quantified Modal Logic
Semantics for Modal Logic
Nonclassical Logics
Fuzzy Logics
Infinitary Logics
Intuitionistic Logic
Many-Valued Logics
Paraconsistent Logics
Quantum Logic
Relevance Logics
Substructural Logics
Temporal Logic
Logics, Misc
Logical Pluralism
Logical Consequence and Entailment
Logical Expressions
Logical Constants
Logical Connectives
Quantifiers*
Variables
Logical Paradoxes
Sorites Paradox*
Liar Paradox
Russell's Paradox*
Logical Semantics and Logical Truth
Model Theory and Proof Theory
Philosophy of Logic, Misc
Dialetheism
Epistemology of Logic
Informal Logic
Logical Pluralism
Logic in Philosophy
Philosophy of Biology
Developmental Biology
Developmental Constraints
Developmental Modularity
Developmental Systems Theory
Epigenetic Inheritance
Evolutionary Developmental Biology
Genetic Program*
Innateness
Nature and Nurture
Process Structuralism
Ecology and Conservation Biology
Biodiversity
Conservation Biology, Misc
Conservation Ethics*
Deep Ecology*
Ecology, Misc
Ecosystems
Population Ecology
Prioritization
Reduction in Ecology
Social Ecology*
Evolutionary Biology
Anti-Darwinist Approaches
Evolution and Creationism
Intelligent Design
Punctuated Equilibrium
Process Structuralism*
Levels and Units of Selection
Group Selection
Gene Selection
The Selfish Gene
Organismic Selection
Levels of Selection, Misc
Units of Selection, Misc
Evolution of Phenomena
Evolution of Altruism
Evolution of Cognition*
Evolution of Complexity
Evolution of Consciousness*
Evolution of Culture
Evolution of Language*
Evolution of Morality*
Sociobiology
Mechanisms of Evolution
Drift
Epigenetic Inheritance*
Exaptation
Heritability
Natural Selection
Niche Construction
Speciation
Evolutionary Biology, Misc
Adaptationism
Darwinism
Epistemology of Evolution
Evolutionary Progress
Fitness
Functions
Optimality
Genetics and Molecular Biology
Genetics
Classical Genetics
Classical and Molecular Genetics
Genetics, Misc
Genotypes and Phenotypes
Molecular Genetics
Population Genetics
Reduction in Genetics
Genes
Defining Genes
Gene Concepts
Genome Project
Genetic Determinism
Genetic Information
Genetic Program*
Selfish Gene
Molecular Biology, Misc
Philosophy of Biology, Misc
Artificial Life
Biological Information
Biological Modeling
Causation in Biology
Complexity
Explanation in Biology
Life
Philosophy of Biology, Misc
Vitalism
Systematic Biology
Homology
Biological Natural Kinds
Organisms
Populations
Species
Essentialism about Species
Phylogenetic Inference
Species Concepts
The Metaphysics of Species
Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence
Can Machines Think?
The Turing Test
Godelian arguments
The Chinese Room
Machine Consciousness
Machine Mentality, Misc
Computation and Representation
Symbols and Symbol Systems
Computational Semantics
Implicit/Explicit Rules and Representations
AI without Representation?
Representation in Connectionism*
Subsymbolic Computation*
Computation and Representation, Misc
Philosophy of Connectionism
Connectionism and Compositionality
Representation in Connectionism
Connectionism and Eliminativism
The Connectionist/Classical Debate
Subsymbolic Computation
Philosophy of Connectionism, Mis4]
Philosophy of Connectionism, Foundational Empirical Issues
Special Topics in AI
Artificial Life*
Cybernetics
Dynamical Systems
The Nature of AI
The Frame Problem
AI Methodology
Robotics
Computationalism
Computationalism in Cognitive Science*
Computation and Physical Systems*
Philosophy of AI, Misc
Philosophy of Psychology
Movements in Psychology
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Introspection and Introspectionism*
Theory of Mind and Folk Psychology
The Nature of Folk Psychology
The Theory Theory
The Simulation Theory
Theory of Mind, Misc
Folk Concepts and Folk Intuitions
Issues in Psychology
Parapsychology
Science of Perception*
Psychological Laws
Psychological Explanation
Reduction in Psychology and Neuroscience*
Philosophy of Psychology, Misc
Philosophy of Neuroscience
Imaging and Localization
Representation in Neuroscience
Explanation in Neuroscience
Reduction in Psychology and Neuroscience
Interlevel Relations
Neurophilosophy
Philosophy of Neuroscience, Misc
Philosophy of Linguistics*
Philosophy of Psychiatry and Psychopathology
Delusions
Schizophrenia*
Other Mental Disorders
Mental Illness
Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis
Philosophy of Psychiatry and Psychopathology, Misc
Philosophy of Cognitive Science, General
Nativism
Modularity
Evolution of Cognition
Rationality and Cognitive Science
Embodiment and Situated Cognition
Animal Cognition
Levels of Analysis
Explanation in Cognitive Science
Representation in Cognitive Science
Computationalism in Cognitive Science
Philosophy of Cognitive Science, Misc
Science of Consciousness
Consciousness and Neuroscience
Visual Consciousness
Consciousness and Psychology
Unconscious and Conscious Processes
Disorders and Syndromes of Consciousness
States of Consciousness
Consciousness and Physics
Consciousness and Biology
First-Person Approaches
Consciousness and Science, Misc
Philosophy of Computing and Information
Computation and Physical Systems
Analog and Digital Computation
Computers
Implementing Computations
Noncomputable Processes
Pancomputationalism
Quantum Computation
Computer Ethics*
Computer Simulation and Virtual Reality
Simulation and Reality
Are We in a Simulation?
Virtual Reality
Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence*
Philosophy of Computation, Misc
Computers in Philosophy
Computer Languages
Databases
The Internet
Hypertext
Programs
Software
Software Verification
Philosophy of Information
Concepts of Information
The Information Economy
The Infosphere
Information Theory
Information Ethics
Physics of Information
Theory of Computation
The Church-Turing Thesis
Algorithmic Complexity
Computability
Computational Complexity
Theory of Computation, Misc
Philosophy of Mathematics
Epistemology of Mathematics
Apriority in Mathematics
Epistemology of Mathematics, Misc
Mathematics and the Causal Theory of Knowledge
Mathematical Intuition
Mathematical Proof
Godel's Theorem
Computer Proof
Probabilistic Proof
Undecidability
Mathematical Proof, Misc
Revisability in Mathematics
Mathematical Objects
Fictionalism
Indeterminacy
Nominalism
Platonism
Structuralism
Neo-Fregean Approaches
Indispensability Arguments
Numbers
The Nature of Sets*
Mathematical Truth
Analyticity in Mathematics
Axiomatic Truth
Objectivity Of Mathematics
Philosophy of Set Theory
The Nature of Sets
The Iterative Conception of Set
Ontology of Sets
Axioms of Set Theory
Axiomatic Truth*
The Axiom of Choice
The Axiom of Constructibility
The Axiom of Determinacy
The Axiom of Infinity
New Axioms
Independence Results
Cardinals and Ordinals
The Continuum Hypothesis
Large Cardinals
Set Theory as a Foundation
Russell's Paradox
Set Theory and Logicism
Set-Theoretic Constructions
Areas of Mathematics
Algebra
Analysis
Category Theory
Geometry
Logic*
Number Theory
Topology
Theories of Mathematics
Logicism
Formalism
Intuitionism and Constructivism
Predicativism
Mathematical Naturalism
Philosophy of Mathematics, Misc
Explanation in Mathematics
The Infinite
The Application of Mathematics
Philosophy of Physical Science
Complex Systems
Artificial Life*
Chaos
Complexity
Emergence*
Nonlinear Dynamics
Systems Theory
Philosophy of Chemistry
Bonding
Chemical Explanation
Chemical Laws
Chemical Substance
Chemical Supervenience
Chemical Synthesis
Elements
Molecular Structure
Organic Chemistry
Periodic Table
Quantum Chemistry
Realism in Chemistry
Reduction in Chemistry
Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics*
Philosophy of Cosmology
The Early Universe
The Big Bang
Inflation
Origin of the Universe
Design and Observership
Anthropic Principle
Fine-Tuning
Multiple Universes
Observation in Cosmology
Philosophy of Cosmology, Misc
Extraterrestial Life and Intelligence
The Cosmological Argument*
Why is there Something?
Philosophy of Earth Sciences
Philosophy of Physics, Misc
Astrophysics
Atomic and Molecular Physics
Biophysics
Condensed Matter Physics
Classical Mechanics
Electromagnetism
Gauge Theories
Particle Physics
Solid State Physics
String Theory
Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Symmetry in Physics
Philosophy of Physical Science, Misc
Quantum Mechanics
Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Bohmian Interpretation
Collapse Interpretations
Copenhagen Interpretation
Decoherence Interpretations
Everett Interpretation
Measurement Problem
Modal Interpretations
Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics
Relational Interpretations
Transactional Interpretation
Interpretations of QM, Misc
Quantum Theories
Quantum Chromodynamics
Quantum Chemistry*
Quantum Computation*
Quantum Electrodynamics
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Gravity
Quantum Logic*
Quantum Nonlocality
Action at a Distance
Bell's Theorem
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen
Entanglement
Quantum Mechanics, Misc
Complementarity
Quantum Determinism and Indeterminism
Quantum Self-Observation
Schrodinger's Cat
Uncertainty Principle
Wave-Particle Duality
Spacetime and Relativity
Metaphysics of Spacetime
Absolute Space
Causal Theories
Conventionalism about Spacetime
Relationism
Substantivalism
The Hole Argument
Special Relativity
Simultaneity
The Twin Paradox
General Relativity
Physics of Time
Philosophy of Probability
Confirmation and Induction*
Decision Theory*
Interpretation of Probability
Chance and Objective Probability
Classical Probability
Frequentism
Logical Probability
Propensities
Subjective Probability*
Interpretion of Probability, Misc
Mathematics of Probability
Axioms of Probability
Infinitesimals and Probability
Mathematics of Probability, Misc
Probabilistic Reasoning
Bayesian Reasoning
Bayesian Reasoning, Misc
Conditionalization*
Prior Probabilities
The Problem of Old Evidence
Probabilistic Principles
Conditionalization
Indifference Principles
Scoring Rules
The Principal Principle
The Reflection Principle
Updating Principles
Probabilistic Frameworks
Bayesian Reasoning*
Causal Modeling
Dempster-Shafer Theory
Plausibility Theory
Probability and AI
Probabilistic Puzzles
Monty Hall
New Riddle of Induction*
Paradox of Confirmation*
Sleeping Beauty
Subjective Probability
Betting Interpretations and Dutch Books
Conditional Probability
Degrees of Belief
Imprecise Credences
Philosophy of Statistics
Philosophy of Probability, Misc
Philosophy of Science, General
Confirmation and Induction
Evidence*
Confirmation
Bayesianism*
Confirmation Holism
Varieties of Confirmation
The Paradox of Confirmation
The Quine-Duhem Thesis
Induction
Induction and Other Minds*
Induction, Misc
Inductive Logic*
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive Skepticism
Justification of Induction
The New Riddle of Induction
Probabilistic Reasoning*
Explanation
Causal Accounts of Explanation
Deductive-Nomological Explanation
Unification Accounts of Explanation
Mechanisms in Explanation
Narrative Explanation
Statistical Explanation
Pragmatics and Explanation
Inference to the Best Explanation*
History of Science
Laws of Nature*
Philosophy of Science, Misc
Demarcation of Science
Nature of Science
Pseudoscience
Reduction and Interlevel Relations
Reduction
Nonreductive Materialism*
Reductionism
Reduction and Multiple Realizability
Reduction in Chemistry*
Reduction in Ecology*
Reduction in Genetics*
Reduction in Psychology and Neuroscience*
Reduction in Social Sciences
Reduction, Misc
Reductive Explanation
Theory Reduction
Other Intertheoretic Relations
Emergence*
Interlevel Metaphysics*
Metaphysics of Mind*
Physicalism*
Supervenience*
Scientific Change
Convergent Realism*
Evolutionary Epistemology
Incommensurability of Theories
Research Programs*
Scientific Change, Misc
Scientific Progress
Scientific Revolutions
Theory Change
Scientific Language
Cognitive Significance in Science
Conceptual Change and Meaning Change
Incommensurability*
Operationalism
Ramsey Sentences
Reference in Science
Scientific Practice
Experimentation
Measurement
Observation
Observables
The Observation-Theory Distinction
Prediction
Scientific Discovery
Scientific Instruments
Simulation
Thought Experiments
Scientific Realism
Varieties of Scientific Realism
Convergent Realism
Entity Realism
Structural Realism
Alternatives to Scientific Realism
Constructive Empiricism
Conventionalism
Natural Ontological Attitude
Scientific Fictionalism
Social Constructionism
Instrumentalism
Arguments for and Against Scientific Realism
Convergence
Inference to the Best Explanation*
Novel Predictions
The Observation-Theory Distinction*
Underdetermination of Theory by Data*
Historical Arguments Against Scientific Realism
The Miracle Argument for Scientific Realism
Truth and Verisimilitude
Scientific Truth
Verisimilitude
Scientific Realism, Misc
Sociology of Science
Theories
The Nature of Theories
The Received View of Theories
Research Programs
Semantic View of Theories
Theoretical Virtues
Aesthetic Virtues in Science
Conservatism
Falsifiability
Nonempirical Virtues
Simplicity and Parsimony
Underdetermination of Theory by Data
Empirically Equivalent Theories
Nonempirical Virtues*
Underdetermination of Theory by Data, Misc
Models and Idealization
Analogy in Science
Approximation
Idealization
Models
Semantic View of Theories*
Philosophy of Social Science
Philosophy of Anthropology
Philosophy of Economics
Philosophy of Education*
Philosophy of Geography
Philosophy of History
Philosophy of Law*
Philosophy of Sociology
Philosophy of Social Science, Misc
Functional Explanation
Holism in Social Sciences
Individualism in Social Sciences
Objectivity and Value in Social Science
Rational Choice Theory
Reduction in Social Sciences
Realism about Social Facts
History of Western Philosophy
Ancient Greek Philosophy
Classical Greek Philosophy
Aristotle
Classical Greek Philosophers, Misc
Plato
Socrates
Hellenistic Philosophy
Stoics
Epicureans
Neoplatonists
Academic Skeptics
Pyrrhonists
Hellenistic Philosophy, Misc
Pre-Socratic Philosophy
Milesians
Pythagoreans
Eleatics
Pluralists
Atomists
Sophists
Pre-Socratic Philosophy, Misc
Ancient Greek Philosophy, Misc
Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Pre-1000 Medieval Philosophy
Augustine
Boethius
11th/12th Century
Abelard
Anselm
Roger Bacon
13th/14th Century
Aquinas
Buridan
Ockham
Scotus
15th/16th Century
Erasmus
Machiavelli
Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy, Misc
17th/18th Century Philosophy
17th/18th Century British Philosophy
Bentham
Berkeley
Hobbes
Hume
Hutcheson
Locke
Newton
Reid
Adam Smith
17th/18th Century French Philosophy
Descartes
Malebranche
Pascal
Rousseau
17/18th Century German Philosophy
Fichte
Leibniz
Kant
17th/18th Century Philosophy, Misc
Spinoza
19th Century Philosophy
19th Century American Philosophy
Dewey*
James
Mead*
Peirce
Royce
19th Century Austrian Philosophy
Brentano
Freud*
Mach
Meinong
19th Century British Philosophy
Bentham*
Bradley
Mill
Sidgwick
19th Century German Philosophy
Fichte*
Frege
Hegel
Husserl*
Marx
Nietzsche
Schelling
Schopenhauer
Misc
Kierkegaard
19th Century Philosophy, Misc
20th Century Philosophy
20th Century Analytic Philosophy
Anscombe
Austin
Ayer
Carnap
Chisholm
David Lewis
Davidson
Frege*
Goodman
Kuhn
Moore
Popper
Quine
Rawls
Rorty
Russell
Ryle
Sellars
Strawson
Tarski
Wittgenstein
20th Century Continental Philosophy
Adorno
Arendt
Bergson
De Beauvoir
Deleuze
Derrida
Foucault
Gadamer
Habermas
Heidegger
Husserl
Irigaray
Lacan
Levinas
Lyotard
Merleau-Ponty
Ricoeur
Sartre
20th Century Philosophy, Misc
Collingwood
Dewey
Freud*
James*
Mead
Meinong*
Royce*
Santayana
Whitehead
History of Western Philosophy, Misc
Philosophy, Misc