A Taxonomy of Philosophy
This is a preliminary and incomplete taxonomy of areas of
philosophy, to be used in the PhilPapers project for accessing philosophical
papers. See this post (and ensuing discussion) on Fragments of Consciousness
for more details. Asterisks ("*") are attached to subcategories that are listed more than once, when they are listed under a nonprimary parent category paper.
Metaphysics and Epistemology
Epistemology
Epistemological Sources
The A Priori
Apriority and Necessity
Apriority in Mathematics
Conceptual Analysis*
Modal Rationalism*
Moral Rationalism*
Rationalism*
The A Priori, Misc
The Synthetic A Priori
Theories of the A Priori
Intuition
Epistemology of Intuition
Intuition, Misc
Linguistic Intuition*
Mathematical Intuition*
Modal Intuition*
Moral Intuitionism
The Nature of Intuition
Memory*
Perceptual Knowledge*
Reasoning
Abductive Reasoning
Argument
Critical Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Fallacies
Induction*
Inference
Self-Knowledge*
Testimony
Epistemology of Testimony
Testimony, Misc
The Nature of Testimony
Epistemological States and Properties
Basing
Belief*
Defeat
Entitlement
Evidence
Evidence and Knowledge
Evidentialism*
Perceptual Knowledge*
The Problem of Old Evidence*
Underdetermination of Theory by Data*
Evidence, Misc
Ignorance
Justification
Coherentism*
Dogmatism*
Epistemic Internalism and Externalism*
Epistemic Regress
Evidentialism*
Foundationalism*
Infinitism*
Justification, Misc
Moral Justification*
Perceptual Justification*
Reliabilism about Justification*
Knowledge*
Rationality
Delusions*
Irrationality
Moral Rationality*
Rational Requirements
Rationality, Misc
Rationality and Cognitive Science*
Reasons and Rationality*
Reasons*
Understanding
Warrant
Wisdom
Epistemological States and Properties, Misc
Epistemological Theories
Coherentism
Coherentism, Misc
Epistemic Regress*
Foundationalism and Coherentism*
Dogmatism
Dogmatism about Perception
Dogmatism, Misc
Dogmatist and Moorean Replies to Skepticism
Epistemic Contextualism
Contextualist Replies to Skepticism
Epistemic Contextualism and Invariantism
Epistemic Contextualism and Relativism
Epistemic Contextualism, Misc
Epistemic Contrastivism
Epistemic Internalism and Externalism
Epistemic Relativism
Epistemic Contextualism and Relativism*
Epistemic Relativism, Misc
Empiricism
Evidentialism
Foundationalism
Foundationalism and Coherentism
Foundationalism, Misc
Sense-Datum Theories of Perception*
The Given*
Infinitism
Rationalism
Reliabilism
Reliabilism about Knowledge
Reliabilism about Justification
Reliabilism, Misc
The Problem of Easy Knowledge*
The Generality Problem for Reliabilism
Virtue Epistemology
Epistemological Theories, Misc
Epistemology of Specific Domains
Epistemology of Logic*
Epistemology of Mathematics*
Epistemology of Philosophy*
Epistemology of Religion*
Epistemology of Specific Domains, Misc
Knowledge of Consciousness*
Knowledge of Language*
Modal Epistemology*
Moral Epistemology*
The Problem of Other Minds*
Self-Knowledge*
Epistemology, Misc
Epistemic Luck
Epistemic Paradoxes
Epistemic Possibility
Feminist Epistemology
Evolutionary Epistemology
Metaepistemology
Naturalized Epistemology
Epistemic Normativity
Doxastic Voluntarism
Epistemic Normativity, Misc
Epistemic Norms
Epistemic Value
Epistemic Virtues
Ethics of Belief
Formal Epistemology
Belief Revision
AGM Belief Revision Theory
Belief Revision, Misc
Nonmonotonic Logic*
Ranking Functions
Causal Reasoning
Causal Modeling
Causal Reasoning, Misc
Common Cause Principles
Confirmation and Induction*
Epistemic Logics*
Formal Social Epistemology
Common Knowledge
Formal Social Epistemology, Misc
Judgment Aggregation
Peer Disagreement
Formal Epistemology, Misc
Probabilistic Reasoning*
Knowledge
Defining Knowledge
Defining Knowledge, Misc
Primitivism about Knowledge*
The Gettier Problem
Varieties of Knowledge
Knowledge by Acquaintance
Knowledge How
Knowledge-Wh
Varieties of Knowledge, Misc
Theories of Knowledge
Causal Theory of Knowledge
Epistemic Contextualism*
Epistemic Relativism*
Primitivism about Knowledge
Reliabilism about Knowledge
Theories of Knowledge, Misc
Principles of Knowledge
Closure
Infallibility
Knowability
The KK Principle
Luminosity
Safety and Sensitivity
Principles of Knowledge, Misc
Knowledge, Misc
Knowledge, Misc
The Problem of Easy Knowledge
Skepticism
Varieties of Skepticism
Are We in A Simulation?*
Brains in Vats
Cartesian Skepticism
Dreams and Skepticism*
Inductive Skepticism
Metaphilosophical Skepticism
Modal Skepticism*
Moral Skepticism*
Perception and Skepticism*
Pyrrhonian Skepticism
Varieties of Skepticism, Misc
Replies to Skepticism
Abductive Replies to Skepticism
Contextualist Replies to Skepticism
Dogmatist and Moorean Replies to Skepticism
Externalist Replies to Skepticism
Fallibilist Replies to Skepticism
Relevance Replies to Skepticism
Replies to Skepticism, Misc
Skepticism, Misc
Social Epistemology
Collective Epistemology
Epistemology of Disagreement
Social Epistemology, Misc
Testimony
Metaphilosophy
Epistemology of Philosophy
Metaphilosophical Skepticism
Philosophical Methods*
Metaphilosophical Views
Empiricism
Naturalism
Rationalism
Philosophical Methods
Arguments
Conceptual Analysis
Experimental Philosophy
Formal Philosophy
Linguistic Analysis
Philosophical Methods, Misc
Thought Experiments
Transcendental Arguments
Metaphilosophy, Misc
Disagreement in Philosophy
Kinds of Philosophy
Metaontology*
Metaphilosophy, Misc
The Nature of Philosophy
The Nature of Analytic Philosophy
Philosophical Language
Philosophical Progress
Philosophical Traditions
The Role of Philosophy
The Value of Philosophy
Metaphysics
Causation, Laws, etc
Theories of Causation
Causal Eliminativism
Causal Primitivism
Causal Reductionism
Counterfactual Theories
Manipulability Theories
Nomological Theories
Occasionalism
Process Theories
Statistical Theories
Theories of Causation, Misc
Varieties of Causation
Agent Causation*
Backward Causation
Causal Overdetermination
Causal Preemption
Causation by Absences
Downward Causation
Mental Causation*
Probabilistic Causation
Supervenient Causation*
Varieties of Causation, Misc
Causation, Misc
Causal Reasoning*
Causal Relata
Causal Explanation
Causation in the Law*
Singular Causation
Causation, Misc
Chance and Objective Probability
Chance and Determinism
Chance and Objective Probability, Misc
Frequentism*
Logical Probability*
Probability Laws
Propensities*
The Principal Principle
Dispositions and Powers
Bare Dispositions
Dispositional and Categorical Properties
Conditional Analyses
Dispositions and Bases
Finkish Dispositions
Powers
Laws of Nature
Anti-Realism about Laws
Best-Systems Analyses
Ceteris Paribus Laws
Humeanism and Nonhumeanism about Laws
Lawlikeness
Laws as Relations between Universals
Necessitarianism about Laws
Nomic Necessity
Nomic Realism and Irrealism
Probabilistic Laws
Miscellaneous
Global Metaphysical Theories
Dualism*
Idealism
Logical Atomism
Monism
Naturalism
Phenomenalism
Physicalism
Causal Closure of the Physical
Formulating Physicalism
Nonreductive Materialism*
Supervenience and Physicalism*
Physicalism about the Mind*
Physicalism, Misc
Metaphysical Theories, Misc
Identity
Identity, Misc
Contingent Identity
Identity of Indiscernibles
Identity, Misc
Relative Identity*
The Necessity of Identity
Identity Through Time
Endurance
Perdurance
Occasional Identity
Relative Identity
Stage Theory
Three- and Four-Dimensionalism
Personal Identity
Personal Identity, General
Survival and What Matters
Persons
The Self
Psychological Theories
Physical and Animalist Theories
Fission and Split Brains
Multiple Personality
Interlevel Metaphysics
Conceptual Analysis and A Priori Entailment*
Emergence
Fundamentality
Realization
Interlevel Relations, Misc*
Physicalism*
Reduction*
Supervenience
Moral Supervenience*
Psychophysical Supervenience*
Supervenience and Physicalism
Supervenience, General
Supervenient Causation
Token Identity
Truthmakers*
Metaontology
Metaontology, Misc
Ontological Commitment
Ontological Conventionalism
Ontological Disagreement
Ontological Pluralism
Ontological Realism
Ontological Relativism
Quantification and Ontology*
Modality
Essentialism and De Re Modality
Counterpart Theory
Essentialism
Essentialism and Quantified Modal Logic
Haecceitism
Origins Essentialism
Varieties of Modality
Conceptual Necessity
Epistemic Possibility*
Logical Necessity
Metaphysical Necessity
Nomological Necessity
Theories of Modality
Modal Conceptualism
Modal Conventionalism
Modal Noncognitivism
Modal Primitivism
Modal Realism*
Modal Epistemology
Conceivability, Imagination, and Possibility
Counterfactuals and Modal Epistemology
Modal Error
Modal Intuition
Modal Empiricism
Modal Epistemology, Misc
Modal Rationalism
Modal Skepticism
Thought Experiments*
Possible Worlds
Ersatz Worlds
Modal Fictionalism
Modal Realism
Possible World Semantics*
Impossible Worlds
Objects
Abstract Objects, Misc
Bundle Theories
Material Objects
Coincidence*
Constitution
Contingent Identity*
Mereology
Monism*
Nihilism
Problem of the Many
Stuff
Three- and Four-Dimensionalism*
Universalism
Vague Objects*
Mathematical Objects*
Minor Entities
Holes
Reflections
Shadows
Minor Entities, Misc
Nonexistent Objects
Substratum Theories
Objects, Misc
Ontology
Events, Facts, States of Affairs, etc
Facts
Metaontology*
Propositions*
States of Affairs
Objects*
Properties*
Substance
Truthmakers
Properties
Dispositional and Categorical Properties*
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties
Natural Properties
Properties, Misc
Property Nominalism
Tropes
Universals
Realism and Anti-Realism
Metaphysical Realism
The Model-Theoretic Argument
Moral Realism*
Ontological Realism*
Quasi-Realism*
Realism and Anti-Realism, Misc
Scientific Realism*
Semantic Anti-Realism
Time
Eternalism, Presentism, Etc
Eternalism
Growing Block Views
Presentism
Identity Through Time*
Philosophy of Time, Misc
Physics of Time*
Temporal Consciousness*
The Direction of Time
The Passage of Time
A-Theories
B-Theories
McTaggart's Argument
Time and Change
Time Travel
Metaphysics, Misc
Philosophy of Action
Action Theory
The Nature of Action
Causal Theory of Action
Defining Action
The Nature of Action, Misc
The Structure of Action
Varieties of Action
Collective Action
Inaction
Intentional Action*
Mental Actions*
Trying
Explanation of Action
Explanation of Action, Misc
Mental Causation*
Psychological Explanation*
Reasons and Causes*
Action, Misc
Action Sentences
Consciousness of Action*
Intentional Action*
Knowledge of Action*
Perception and Action*
Agency and Responsibility
Agency
Agents
Doing and Allowing
Free Will and Responsibility*
Responsibility and Reactive Attitudes
Intentions and Plans
Collective Intentions*
Intentions
Intentional Action
Plans
Motivation and Will
Free Will*
Motivation
The Will
Weakness of Will
Decision Theory
Decision-Theoretic Frameworks
Causal Decision Theory
Evidential Decision Theory
Other Decision-Theoretic Frameworks
Decision-Theoretic Puzzles
Newcomb's Problem
Pascal's Wager*
St. Petersburg Paradox
Two-Envelope Paradox
Game Theory
Convention and Coordination
Evolutionary Game Theory
Game-Theoretic Principles
Game Theory and Ethics
Game Theory and Political Philosophy
Prisoner's Dilemma
Topics in Decision Theory
Decision Theory and Ethics
Infinite Decision Theory
Normative and Descriptive Decision Theory
Utility
Free Will
Free Will and Science
Free Will and Genetics
Free Will and Neuroscience
Free Will and Physics
Free Will and Psychology
Free Will and Science, Misc
The Will*
Theories of Free Will
Agent Causation
Compatibilism
Free Will Skepticism
Identification Theories
Incompatibilism
Libertarianism
Semi-Compatibilism
Topics in Free Will
Alternative Possibilities
Determinism
Free Will and Responsibility
Free Will and Foreknowledge
Responsibility and Reactive Attitudes*
Free Will, Misc
Philosophy of Action, Misc
Practical Reason
Moral Psychology*
Moral Reasoning and Motivation*
Practical Reason, Misc
Decision
Deliberation
Desire and Reason
Instrumental Reasoning
Normativity of Practical Reason
Norms of Practical Reason
Practical and Theoretical Reasoning
Rational Requirements
Reasons
Internalism and Externalism about Reasons
Reasons and Causes
Reasons and Oughts
Reasons and Rationality
Subjective and Objective Reasons
Philosophy of Language
Languages
Idiolects
Knowledge of Language*
Linguistic Universals
Private Language
Public Language
Words
Meaning
The Basis of Meaning
Deflationary Theories
Inferentialist Theories
Interpretivist Theories
Intention-Based Theories
Naturalizing Content*
Thought-Based Theories
Use Theories
Aspects of Meaning
Meaning Holism*
Meaning Skepticism*
Speaker Meaning and Semantic Meaning
The Normativity of Meaning and Content*
Aspects of Meaning, Misc
Semantic Theories
Conceptual Semantics
Event-Based Theories
Fregean Theories
Frege's Puzzle
Fregean Sense
Fregean Theories of Attitude Ascriptions*
Fregean Theories, Misc
Intensional and Possible World Semantics
Justificationist Semantics
Relevance Theory*
Russellian and Direct Reference Theories
Direct Reference Theories of Indexicals*
Millian Theories of Names
Russellian Theories of Attitude Ascriptions
Singular Propositions*
Structured Propositions*
Russellian and Direct Reference Theories, Misc
Situation Theory
Truth-Conditional Theories
Two-Dimensional Semantics
Type Theories
The Nature of Contents*
Semantic Theories, Misc
Propositions
Attitude Ascriptions*
Pleonastic Propositions
Propositional Attitudes*
Propositions and Facts
Propositions and That-Clauses
Propositions as Sets of Worlds
Propositions, Misc
Singular Propositions
Structured Propositions
The Unity of the Proposition
The Nature of Contents*
Semantic Phenomena
Ambiguity and Polysemy
Analyticity
Compositionality
Context and Context-Dependence*
Conventional Implicature
Definitions
Intensionality and Opacity
Interpretation
Logical Form
Nonliteral Meaning
Meaning, Misc
Scope
Semantic Values
Synonymy
Translation
Reference
Theories of Reference
Causal Theories
Deflationary Theories
Descriptive Theories
Russellian and Direct Reference Theories*
Theories of Reference, Misc
Aspects of Reference
Empty Names
Indeterminacy of Reference
Intension and Extension
Nonreferring Expressions
Reference Failure
Rigid Designation
Reference, Misc
Speaker Meaning and Semantic Meaning*
Philosophy of Linguistics
Syntax*
Semantics
Formal Semantics
Generative Semantics
Lexical Semantics
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